C. V. for Dr.
Michael L. Kaplan
-------------------------------
Date of Birth:
--------------
13 October 1945
Marital Status:
---------------
Married, One child
Address:
--------
13 Meeting Road
Newport News,
Virginia 23606-2030
E-MAIL -
mikekapp@visi.net
PHONE - 757-596-1424
FAX - 757-591-8871
Education:
----------
B. A. Geography and
Meteorology, Rutgers University, 1967.
M. S. Meteorology,
Rutgers University, 1968.
Ph.D. Atmospheric
Sciences, State University of New York, Albany,
1972.
Employment:
-----------
1968-1971 State
University of New York, Albany, Department of
Atmospheric Sciences
- Graduate Research Assistant.
1971-1975 U. S. Air
Force, Air Weather Service, Air Force Global
Weather Central,
Offutt Air Force Base, Omaha, Nebraska -
Captain/Active Duty
Officer/Research Scientist.
1975-1979 George
Washington University, Joint Institute for
Acoustics and Flight
Sciences, Department of Environmental
Modeling, NASA
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia -
Visiting Assistant
Professor.
1979-1985 Systems
and Applied Sciences Corporation, Hampton,
Virginia - Principal
Research Scientist.
1985-1990 MESO Inc.,
Hampton, Virginia - Founder/President/Senior
Research Scientist.
1990-Present North
Carolina State University, Department of Marine,
Earth, and
Atmospheric Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina - Visiting
Associate
Professor/Research Associate Professor.
Fields of
Specialization:
-------------------------
Synoptic Scale,
Mesoscale and Microscale Numerical Modeling, Synoptic Meteorology, Dynamical
Meteorology, Mesoscale Meteorology, Aviation Meteorology.
Professional
Experience:
------------------------
Thirty-five years of
experience in synoptic and dynamical
meteorology and
mesoscale numerical weather prediction with
emphasis in the
following problem areas: aviation turbulence, extreme rainfall, severe
convective storms, mesoscale convective complex systems, terrain-induced
circulations, geostrophic adjustment processes, gravity waves, lake-effect
snowstorms, cyclogenesis, sea-breeze convection, frontogenesis, density
currents, and jet streak dynamics.
Career Co-PI U. S.
Government Funded Research (~$ Contract Amount):
-------------------------------------------------------------------
National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (~$3,155,000)
1975-2002
NASA-Langley
Research Center
NASA-Goddard
Research Center
NASA-Headquarters
Mesoscale Research Program
NASA-Marshall Space
Flight Center
NASA-Kennedy Space
Flight Center
United States Air
Force (~$600,000)
1986-89 and 1994-97
Air Force Office of
Scientific Research
National Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration (~$550,000)
1993-96
Office of
Meteorology
Defense Nuclear
Agency (~$450,000)
1983-86
Department of
Energy/Environmental Protection Agency (~$375,000)
1983-86
National Science
Foundation (~$792,000)
1990-93 and
2001-2003
Mesoscale Research
Program
U. S. Department of
Agriculture (~$80,000)
2002-2003
Fire Research
Division
Dissertations:
--------------
M.S. - "A
Four-Level Air Mass Analyses for Washington, D.C. Using
the Equivalent
Potential Temperature", Rutgers University, University Microfilms, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, 1968.
Ph.D. - "A
Macroscale-Mesoscale Numerical Model and Lake-Effect
Snowstorms",
State University of New York at Albany, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, 1972.
Computational Experience:
-------------------------
Computers - Univac
1108,1110; Cyber 173,175,201,203,205; IBM 370;
Cray 1,2,Y-MP,X-MP.
Languages - Fortran
IV,V; SL-1; Cyber Fortran 200; Fortran 77.
Awards:
-------
Outstanding
Environmental Sciences Project, North Carolina
Supercomputer
Center, Microelectronics Consortium of North
Carolina, 1994.
The Editor's Award,
Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological
Society, 1995.
Certificate of
Appreciation, National Weather Service, Raleigh
Forecast Office,
1998.
Group Achievement Award,
NASA-Langley Research Center, Aircraft Vortex System Spacing Team, 1999.
Turning Goals Into
Reality Award, Associate Administrator, Office of Aerospace Technology, NASA,
Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS) Team 2001.
Professional
Organizations:
---------------------------
American
Meteorological Society, 1989-Present.
Editorial Boards of
Professional Journals:
------------------------------------------
Mesoscale Modeling
Editor, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,
1990-Present.
Associate Editor,
Monthly Weather Review, 1994-1997.
Other Professional
Activities:
------------------------------
Certified Consulting
Meteorologist - American Meteorological
Society,
1994-Present.
Session Chairperson
- Ninth AMS Conference on Numerical Weather
Prediction, Denver,
Colorado, 1991.
Special Editor -
Simulations of Meso-Beta and Meso-Gamma Scale
Circulations,
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 49, No. 1-
4, 254 pp.,
1992.
Session Chairperson
- Sixteenth AMS Conference on Weather Analysis
and Forecasting,
Phoenix, Arizona, 1998.
AMS Journal Reviewer
- Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Journal of
Applied Meteorology,
Weather and Forecasting.
Refereed
Publications:
----------------------
Jiusto, J. E., and
M. L. Kaplan, 1972: Snowfall from Lake-Effect
Storms, Mon. Wea.
Rev., 100, 62-66.
Kaplan, M. L., and
D. A. Paine, 1972: A Macroscale-Mesoscale
Numerical Model of
Intense Baroclinic Development. J. Appl.
Meteor., 11,
1224-1235.
-------------, and
-----------, 1973: A 32-km Moist Primitive
Equation Model
Providing for Scale Interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 30,
213-222.
-------------, and
-----------, 1974: The quasi-hydrostatic modes
of gravitational
adjustment and their implications for the
operational numerical
forecasting of severe local storms.
Colloquium on
Subsynoptic Extratropical Weather Systems:
Observation,
Analysis, Modeling, and Prediction, NCAR, Melvyn
Shapiro,
Coordinator, II, 498-510.
-------------, and
-----------, 1977: The Observed Divergence of
the Horizontal
Velocity Field and Pressure Gradient Force at the
Mesoscale; Its
Implications for the Parameterization of Three-
Dimensional Momentum
Transport in Synoptic Scale Numerical Models.
Contrib. Atmos.
Phys., 50, 321-330.
-------------, J. W.
Zack, V. C. Wong, and J. J. Tuccillo, 1982: A
Sixth-Order Mesoscale
Atmospheric Simulation System Applicable to
Research and
Real-Time Forecasting Problems. Symposium on Mesoscale
Meteorology, Norman,
Oklahoma, CIMMS, Y. Sasaki, Ed., 38-84.
-------------,
----------, ----------, and --------------, 1982:
Initial Results from
a Mesoscale Atmospheric Simulation System and
Comparisons with an
AVE-SESAME I Data Set. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110,
1564-1590.
Cram, J. M., and M.
L. Kaplan, 1984: Variational Assimilation of
VAS Data into a
Mesoscale Numerical Model; Assimilation Method and
Sensitivity
Experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 467-484.
Kocin, P. J., L. W.
Uccellini, J. W. Zack, and M. L. Kaplan, 1985:
A Mesoscale
Numerical Simulation of Severe Weather Events Along the
East Coast. Bull.
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66, 1412-1424.
Kaplan, M. L., J. W.
Zack, V. C. Wong, and J. J. Tuccillo, 1985:
The Interactive Role
of Subsynoptic Scale Jet Streak and Planetary
Boundary layer
Adjustments in Organizing an Isolated Convective
Complex. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 113, 2212-2238.
Zack, J. W., and M.
L. Kaplan, 1987: Numerical Simulations of the
Subsynoptic Features
Associated With the AVE-SESAME I Case, Part I:
The Preconvective
Environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2367-2394.
Cram, J. M., M. L.
Kaplan, C. A. Mattocks, and J. W. Zack, 1991:
The Analysis and Use
of Profiler Winds to Derive Mesoscale Height
and Temperature
Fields; Simulation and Real Data Experiments. Mon.
Wea. Rev., 119,
1040-1056.
Kaplan, M. L., and
V. M. Karyampudi, 1992a: Meso-Beta Scale
Numerical
Simulations of Terrain Drag-Induced Along-Stream
Circulations. Part
I: Midtropospheric Frontogenesis. Meteor. Atmos.
Phys., 49,
133-156.
-------------, and
----------------, 1992b: Meso-Beta Scale
Numerical
Simulations of Terrain Drag-Induced Along-Stream
Circulations. Part
II: Concentration of Potential Vorticity Within
Dryline Bulges.
Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 49, 157-185.
Karyampudi, V. M.,
M. L. Kaplan, S. E. Koch, and R. Zamora, 1995:
The Influence of the
Rocky Mountains in the 13-14 April 1986 Severe
Weather Outbreak.
Part I: Mesoscale Lee Cyclogenesis and Its
Relationship to
Severe Weather and Dust Storms. Mon. Wea. Rev.,
123, 1394 -
1422.
-----------------,
Koch, S. E., C. Chen, J. W. Rottman, and M. L.
Kaplan, 1995: The
Influence of the Rocky Mountains in the 13-14
April 1986 Severe
Weather Outbreak. Part II: Evolution of a
Prefrontal Bore and
Its Role in Triggering a Squall Line. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 123, 1423 -
1446.
Bauman, W. H. III,
M. L. Kaplan, and S. Businger, 1997: Nowcasting
Convective Activity
for Space Shuttle Landings During Easterly Flow
Regimes. Wea.
Forecasting, 12, 78-107.
Kaplan, M. L., S. E.
Koch, Y.-L. Lin, R. P. Weglarz, and R. A.
Rozumalski, 1997:
Numerical Simulations of a Gravity Wave Event
Over CCOPE. Part I:
The Role of Geostrophic Adjustment in Mesoscale
Jetlet Formation.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1185-1211.
Hamilton, D. W.,
Y.-L. Lin, R. P. Weglarz, and M. L. Kaplan, 1998:
Antecedent Jetlet
Formation Prior to the Palm Sunday 1994 Tornado
Outbreak in Alabama
and Georgia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2061-2089.
Kaplan, M. L., Y.-L.
Lin, D. W. Hamilton, and R. A. Rozumalski,
1998: A Numerical
Simulation of an Unbalanced Jetlet and its Role
in the Palm Sunday
1994 Tornado Outbreak in Alabama and Georgia.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 126,
2133-2165.
Kaplan, M. L., Y.-L.
Lin, J. J. Charney, K. D. Pfeiffer, D. B. Ensley, R. P. Weglarz, and D. S.
DeCroix, 2000: A Terminal Area PBL Prediction System at Dallas-Fort Worth and
its application in simulating diurnal PBL jets. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81,
2179-2204.
Rozumalski, R. A.,
M. L. Kaplan, Y.-L. Lin, and S. E. Koch, 2002: The evolution of a
midtropospheric unbalanced front forced by a continental planetary boundary
layer. In preparation, Meteor. Atmos. Phys.
Egentowich, J. M.,
M. L. Kaplan, Y.-L. Lin, and A. J. Riordan, 2000a: Mesoscale simulations of
dynamical factors discriminating between a tornado outbreak and non-event over
the Southeast US - Part I: 84-48 hour precursors. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 74,
129-158.
Egentowich, J. M.,
M. L. Kaplan, Y.-L. Lin, and A. J. Riordan, 2000b: Mesoscale simulations of
dynamical factors discriminating between a tornado outbreak and non-event over
the Southeast US - Part II: 48-6 hour precursors. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 74,
159-188.
Egentowich, J. M.,
M. L. Kaplan, Y.-L. Lin, and A. J. Riordan, 2000c: Mesoscale simulations of dynamical factors discriminating
between a tornado outbreak and non-event over the Southeast US - Part III: 6
hour precursors. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 74, 189-214.
Businger, S., T. M.
Graziano, M. L. Kaplan, and R. A. Rozumalski, 2002: Cold-air cyclogenesis along
the Gulf-stream front: Investigation of diabatic impacts on cyclone
development, structure, and track. Submitted, Meteor. Atmos. Phys.
Koch, S. E., F. Zhang,
M. L. Kaplan, and Y.-L. Lin, 2001: Numerical simulation of a mesoscale gravity
wave event observed during CCOPE. Part III: Mountain-plains solenoids and
unbalanced flow in the generation of wave episode II. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129,
909-933.
Zhang, F., S. E.
Koch, C. A. Davis, and M. L. Kaplan, 2001: Wavelet analysis and the governing
dynamics of a large-amplitude mesoscale gravity wave event along the East Coast
of the United States. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1-37.
Zhang, F., S. E.
Koch, C. A. Davis, and M. L. Kaplan, 2000: A survey of unbalanced flow
diagnostics and their application. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 17,
165-183.
Zhang, F., S. E.
Koch, and M. L. Kaplan, 2002: Numerical simulation of a large-amplitude gravity
wave event along the East Coast of the United States. Accepted with major
revisions, Meteor. Atmos. Phys.
Kaplan, M. L., J. A.
Thurman, Y.-L. Lin, and J. J. Charney, 2002: The mesoscale mechanisms for
extreme rainfall production during the landfall of Hurricane Floyd. Accepted with
Major Revisions, Wea. Forecasting.
Businger, S., M. E.
Adams, S. E. Koch, and M. L. Kaplan, 2001: Extraction of geopotential height
and temperature structure from profiler and rawinsonde winds. Mon. Wea. Rev.,
129, 1729-1739.
Pfeiffer, K. D., M.
L. Kaplan, Y.-L. Lin, A. J. Riordan, G. M. Lackmann, K. T. Waight III, and D.
B. Ensley, 2002a: The mesoscale evolution of the March 1993 Storm of the
Century. Part I: Origin of the precursor convective available potential energy
and initiation and maintenance of antecedent deep convection. In preparation,
Wea. Forecasting.
---------------,
------------, ---------, ------------, ---------------,
---------------, and
--------------, 2002b: The mesoscale evolution of the March 1993 Storm of the
Century. Part II: Transition from warm-core to cold-core cyclogenesis. In
preparation, Wea. Forecasting.
Lin, Y.-L., S.
Chiao, T.-A. Wang, M. L. Kaplan, and R. P. Weglarz, 2001: Essential ingredients
for orographic flooding and heavy rainfall. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 633-660.
Businger, S., M. E.
Adams, S. E. Koch, and M. L. Kaplan, 2002: Profiler thermodynamic retrieval
error analysis, Reply to comments by Charles A. Doswell III. In press, Mon.
Wea. Rev.
Kaplan, M. L., A. W.
Huffman, K. M. Lux, J. J. Charney, J. D. Cetola, A. J. Riordan, and Y.-L. Lin,
2002a: Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with
commercial aviation accidents. Part I: 44 case study synoptic observational
analyses. Submitted, J. Appl. Meteor.
Kaplan, M. L., A. W.
Huffman, K. M. Lux, J. D. Cetola, J. J. Charney, A. J. Riordan, Y.-L. Lin, and
K. T. Waight III, 2002b: Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with commercial
aviation accidents. Part II: Numerical simulations of supergradient wind flow
and ageostrophic along-stream frontogenesis. In preparation, J. Appl. Meteor.
Kaplan, M. L., K. M.
Lux, A. W. Huffman, J. J. Charney, J. D. Cetola, A. J. Riordan, Y.-L. Lin, and
K. T. Waight III, 2002c: Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with commercial
aviation accidents. Part III: Numerical simulation of meso-gamma scale
unbalanced supergradient wind flow and the transformation of vertical vortex
tubes into horizontal vortex tubes. In preparation, J. Appl. Meteor.
Kaplan, M. L., J. J.
Charney, K. T. Waight III, K. M. Lux, J. D. Cetola, A. W. Huffman, A. J. Riordan, and Y.-L. Lin, 2002d:
Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with commercial
aviation accidents. Part IV: A Real-Time Turbulence Model (RTTM) including an
index designed for the operational prediction of moderate-severe aviation
turbulence environments. In preparation, J. Appl. Meteor.
Boybeyi, Z., D. P.
Bacon, and M. L. Kaplan, 2002: Effectiveness of adaptive observations in
improving numerical weather forecasting. Submitted, J. Appl. Meteor.
Technical
Memoranda:
--------------------
Kocin, P. J., L. W.
Uccellini, J. W. Zack, and M. L. Kaplan, 1984:
Recent Examples of
Mesoscale Numerical Forecasts of Severe Weather
Events Along the
East Coast. NASA Technical Memorandum 86172,
November 1984, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,
20771, 57 pp.
Kaplan, M. L., R. A.
Rozumalski, R. P. Weglarz, Y.-L. Lin, and S.
Businger, and R. F.
Gonski, 1995: Numerical Simulation Studies of
the Mesoscale
Environment Conducive to the Raleigh Tornado. NOAA
Technical Memorandum
NWS ER-90, 101 pp.
Schowalter, D. G.,
D. S. DeCroix, Y.-L. Lin, S. Pal. Arya, and M.
L. Kaplan, 1996: The
Sensitivity of Large-Eddy Simulation to Local
and Nonlocal Drag
Coefficients at the Lower Boundary. NASA
Contractor Report
198310, April 1996, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia,
23681, 36 pp.
-----------------,
-------------, ---------, ------------, and ----
---------, Planetary
Boundary Layer Simulation Using TASS, NASA
Contractor Report
198325, April 1996, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia,
23681, 34 pp.
Kaplan, M. L., A. w.
Huffman, K. M. Lux, J. J. Charney, A. J. Riordan, and Y.-L. Lin, 2002:
Characterizing the Severe Turbulence Environments Associated with Commercial
Aviation Accidents. Part I: 44 Case study Synoptic Observational Analysis. NASA
Technical Contractor Report#
, In preparation.
Conference
Preprints:
---------------------
Kaplan, M. L., D. A.
Paine, and N. J. Tetrick, 1973: The results of
a mesoscale
numerical prediction of the squall-line organizing the
Palm Sunday
tornadoes. Preprints, 8th Conf. on Severe Local Storms,
Denver, CO, Amer.
Meteor. Soc., 320-327.
-------------, R. M.
Cowher, R. J. Gronek, and D. A. Paine, 1974:
The proposed A. F.
G. W. C. operational mesoscale primitive
equation forecast
model. Preprints, Fifth Conference on Weather
Analysis and
Forecasting, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 113-
116.
Paine, D. A, and M.
L. Kaplan, 1974: A mesoscale forecast of the
rainfall associated
with hurricane Agnes. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on
Weather Analysis and
Forecasting, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor.
Soc., 107-112.
Kaplan, M. L., and
D. A. Paine, 1975: The numerical simulation of
the mesoscale
features associated with the tornado outbreak of 3
April 1974.
Preprints, 6th Conf. on Aerospace and Aeronautical
Meteorology, El
Paso, Texas, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 173-180.
Kaplan, M. L., and
A. L. Gooden, 1977: A multi-scale numerical
model of
tornado-producing local storms on CDC's Star 100 computer.
Proceedings, First
International Conf. on Mathematical Modeling,
St. Louis, MO, ASCE,
IMAC, SCS, IV, 2269-2282.
-------------, 1977:
A real-time meso and microscale severe storm
forecast system.
Proceedings, Third National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Weather and Climate Program Science Review,
Greenbelt, MD, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Conference
Publication 2029,
29-34.
Paine, D. A., and M.
L. Kaplan, 1977: A multiscale numerical study
into the cascade of
kinetic energy leading to severe local storms.
Preprints, 10th
Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Omaha, NE, Amer.
Meteor. Soc.,
299-306.
Kaplan, M. L., and
D. A. Paine, 1977: A multi-scale synoptic-
dynamical model of
tornado genesis. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Severe
Local Storms, Omaha,
NE, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 307-314.
Zack, J. W, M. L.
Kaplan, and A. Gooden, 1979: A numerical
simulation of the
role of subsynoptic and mesoscale isallobaric and
inertial adjustments
in organizing a severe local storm outbreak.
Preprints, 11th
Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kansas City, MO,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
158-165.
-------------,
----------, ----------, and --------------, 1981: A
mesoscale
sixth-order numerical modeling system. Preprints, 5th
Conf. on Numerical
Weather Prediction, Monterey, CA, Amer. Meteor.
Soc., 143-149.
-------------,
----------, ----------, and --------------, 1982: A
mesoscale
eighth-order numerical modeling system and the "Red
River" tornado
outbreak of 1979. Part I: Model structure.
Preprints, 12th
Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
546-553.
-------------,
----------, ----------, and --------------, 1982: A
mesoscale
eighth-order numerical modeling system and the "Red
River" tornado
outbreak of 1979. Part II: Analysis and simulation
of the tornado
outbreak. Preprints, 12th Conf. on Severe Local
Storms, San Antonio,
TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 554-555.
----------,
----------, ----------, and --------------, 1982: The
interactive role of
subsynoptic jet streak and planetary boundary
layer adjustments in
organizing an apparently isolated convective
complex. Preprints,
9th conf. on Weather anlaysis and Forecasting,
Seattle, WA, Amer.
Meteor. Soc., 407-414.
Wong, V. C., J. W.
Zack, M. L. Kaplan, and S. L. Chuang, 1983: A
numerical
investigation of the effects of cloudiness on mesoscale
atmospheric
circulation. Preprints, 5th Conf. on Atmospheric
Radiation,
Baltimore, MD, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 151-154.
Zack, J. W., V. C.
Wong, M. L. Kaplan, and G. D. Coats, 1983: A
nested-grid
nesoscale numerical simulation of an isolated tornadic
convective complex.
Preprints, 13th Conf. on Severe Local Storms,
Tulsa, OK, Amer.
Meteor. Soc., 336-341.
Kaplan, M. L., J. W.
Zack, V. C. Wong, and G. D. Coats, 1983: A
nested-grid
mesoscale numerical weather prediction model modified
for space shuttle
operational requirements. Preprints, 9th Conf. on
Aerospace and
Aeronautical Meteorology, Omaha, NE, Amer. Meteor.
Soc., 341-347.
Wong, V. C., J. W.
Zack, M. L. Kaplan, and G. D. Coats, 1983: A
nested-grid
limited-area model for short term weather forecasting.
Preprints, 6th Conf.
on Numerical Weather Prediction, Omaha, NE,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
9-15.
Chuang, S. L., F. H.
Proctor, J. W. Zack, and M. L. Kaplan, 1984:
A numerical weather
prediction system designed to simulate
atnospheric
downburst phenomena. Preprints, AIAA 22nd Aerospace
Sciences Meeting,
Reno, NV, American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics,
AIAA-84-0352, 15 pp.
Uccellini, L. W., R.
A. Petersen, P. J. Kocin, M. L. Kaplan, J. W.
Zack, and V. C.
Wong, 1983: Mesoscale numerical simulations of the
Presidents' Day
cyclone: Impact of sensible and latent heating on
the precyclogenetic
environment. Preprints, 6th Conf. on Numerical
Weather Prediction,
Omaha, NE, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 45-52.
Cram, J. M., and M.
L. Kaplan, 1984: Variational assimilation of
VAS data into the
MASS model. Preprints, 10th Conference on Weather
Forecasting and
Analysis, Clearwater Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
373-379.
Coats, G. D., V. C.
Wong, J. W. Zack, and M. L. Kaplan, 1984: A
numerical
investigation of the effect of soil moisture gradients on
the regional severe
storm environment. Preprints, 10th Conf. on
Weather Forecasting
and Analysis, Clearwater Beach, FL, Amer.
Meteor. Soc.,
506-512.
Zack, J. W., V. C.
Wong, M. L. Kaplan, and G. D. Coats, 1984: A
model-based
investigation of the role of boundary layer fluxes and
deep convective
processes in the precipitation distribution of East
Coast cyclones.
Preprints, 10th Conf. on Weather Forecasting and
Analysis, Clearwater
Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 588-595.
Wong, V. C., M. L.
Kaplan, J. W. Zack, and F. H. Proctor, 1985: On
an interaction
between a parameterized regional model and a
nonhydrostatic
explicit convection model. Preprints, 7th Conf. on
Numerical Weather
Prediction, Montreal. QB, Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
397-404.
Kaplan, M. L., and
V. M. Karyampudi, 1988: A numerical simulation
of meso-beta scale
midtropospheric leeside frontogenesis - mountain
wave development and
its implications for convective storm
initiation.
Preprints, 8th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction,
Baltimore, MD, Amer.
Meteor. Soc., J59-J56.
Cram, J. M., M. L.
Kaplan, C. A. Mattocks, and J. W. Zack, 1988:
The use of profiler
winds to derive mesoscale height and
temperature
analyses. Preprints, 8th Conf. on Numerical Weather
Prediction,
Baltimore, MD, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 339-345.
Karyampudi, V. M.,
J. W. Zack, and M. L. Kaplan, 1991: A split-
explicit time integration
scheme for the MASS model. Preprints, 8th
Conf. on Numerical
Weather Prediction. Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor.
Soc., 447-450.
Kaplan, M. L., and
F. H. Proctor, 1991: The numerical simulation of
dryline bulges
forced by evanescent nonhydrostatic gravity waves.
Preprints, 9th Conf.
on Numerical Weather Prediction, Denver, CO,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
384-387.
Karyampudi, V. M.,
J. T. Bacmeister, S. E. Koch, J. W. Rottman, and
M. L. Kaplan, 1992:
Generation of an undular bore by a downslope
windstorm on the
leeside of the Rockies. Preprints, 5th Conf. on
Mesoscale Processes,
Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 17-22.
Kaplan, M. L., and
V. M. Karyampudi, 1992: Terrain drag-induced
along-stream
ageostrophic frontogenesis and the evolution of the
dryline. Preprints,
5th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Atlanta, GA,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
215-220.
-------------, R. A.
Rozumalski, R. P. Weglarz, and Y.-L. Lin,
1993: Numerical
simulation studies of the role of prolonged wave-
CISK in contributing
to the rotation and bouyancy accompanying the
isolated Raleigh
tornado outbreak. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Severe
Local Storms, St.
Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 633-637.
-------------, S. E.
Koch, Y.-L. Lin, R. P. Weglarz, and R. A.
Rozumalski, 1994:
The numerical simulation of meso-beta scale
geostrophic
adjustment processes resulting in secondary
upper/lower-level
jet formation and internal gravity waves during
CCOPE. Preprints,
Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland OR,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
382-384.
-------------, R. A.
Rozumalski, R. P. Weglarz, Y.-L. Lin, and S.
E. Koch, 1994:
Numerical simulation studies of the role of
convectively-driven
ageostrophic jet streak adjustments in creating
a favorable
environment for the development of an isolated tornado
outbreak. Preprints,
Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland
OR, Amer. Meteor.
Soc., 144-146.
Kaplan, M. L., and
S. Businger, 1994: A paradigm linking unbalanced
ageostrophic
adjustments to the explosive development phase of
extratropical
cyclones. The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones,
Bergen, Norway, Vol.
3, 123-128.
-------------, S. E.
Koch, Y.-L. Lin, R. P. Weglarz, and R. A.
Rozumalski, 1995:
The role of a mountain-plains solenoidal
circulation in jet
streak geostrophic adjustment processes during
CCOPE. Preprints,
Seventh Conf. on Mountain Meteorology,
Breckenridge, CO,
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88-95.
Hamilton, D. W.,
Y.-L. Lin, M. L. Kaplan, and R. A. Rozumalski,
1996: Antecedent
jetlet formation prior to the Palm sunday 1994
tornado outbreak in
alabama and Georgia. Preprints, 18th Conf. on
Severe Local
Storms,San Francisco, CA, 288-290.
Kaplan, M. L., Y.-L.
Lin, D. W. Hamilton, and R. A. Rozumalski,
1996: The numerical
simulation of an unbalanced jetlet and its role
in the 1994 Palm Sunday
tornado outbreak in Alabama and Georgia.
Preprints, 18th
Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Francisco, CA,
Amer. Meteor. Soc.
240-244.
Koch, S. E., Y.-L.
Lin, M. L. Kaplan, M. Vescio, A. Langmaid, D.
Hamilton, D. Kramer,
and M. Black, 1996: Frontal mesolow dynamics
in the Palm Sunday
tornado outbreak. Preprints, 18th Conf. on
Severe Local Storms,
San Francisco, CA., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 47-51.
Kaplan, M. L, Y.-L.
Lin, R. A. Rozumalski, R. P. Weglarz, and D. W.
Hamilton, 1996:
Diabatically-induced geostrophic adjustment
processes resulting
in unbalanced frontogenesis, shearing
instability, and
severe weather. Preprints, 7th Conf. on
Mesoscale Processes,
Reading, England, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103-108.
Bauman, W. H., III,
S. Businger, and M. L. Kaplan, 1996: Nowcasting
convective activity
for space shuttle landings during easterly flow
regimes. Preprints,
15th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting,
Norfolk, VA, Amer.
Meteor. Soc., 443-446.
Gonski, R., M. L.
Kaplan, R. A. Rozumalski, R. P. Weglarz, and Y.-
L. Lin, 1996: The development of future forecast "algorithm