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Graduate Marine Sciences
PREREQUISITE | SUBDISCIPLINES | FACULTY
The Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina State University offers courses of study leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences with specializations in Biological, Chemical, Geological, and Physical Oceanography. Since its inception more than 65 MS and 35 PhD students have received their degrees from the program. The following provides information on the application procedure, student support, research grants, faculty, and their area of expertise, subdiscipline descriptions, and course offerings. If further information is required, please contact the appropriate faculty member or the graduate administrator by writing or calling (919) 515-7776.
PREREQUISITE
Applicants are expected to have completed their B.S. programs before entering the M.S. program. An M.S. Degree is expected of applicants to the Ph.D program. Students may apply before their previous degree has been earned but must complete this work before entering the program.

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DESCRIPTION OF SUBDISCIPLINES
Biological Oceanography
Students in the biological area are supervised by the biological core faculty in the Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and by faculty members, housed in other departments, who have marine interests. Interdepartmental cooperation makes available a considerable breadth of expertise to students of biological oceanography.
Facilities available for work in marine biology include in addition to campus laboratories, the facilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service Laboratory at Beaufort, the UNC Institute of Marine Science at Morehead City, and the N.C. Marine Resource Centers in Dare, Carteret, and New Hanover counties. Small boats are available through several of these facilities; time on larger vessels is available through the Duke University Marine Laboratory in Beaufort. Staff members have also been involved in cooperative studies using the facilities at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, on Chesapeake Bay.
Specialized equipment available for biological research includes an automated motion analyzer, temperature/light control incubators, electrophoresis apparatus, video equipment, fluorescence microscope, digitizer and electronics for radio-and ultrasonic tracking and telemetry, gas and liquid chromatographs, CHNS analyzer, stable isotope mass spectrometers, campus E.M. center, and nutrient autoanalyzers.

Chemical Oceanography
Graduate studies in chemical oceanography provide students a fundamental understanding of inorganic and organic chemical processes occurring in estuarine, coastal and deep-sea environments. Topics discussed in the various marine chemistry courses include biogeochemistry, diagenesis, chemical sedimentology, the use of stable isotope and radiochemical tracers in the marine environment, as well as chemical transport across the air-sea and sediment-water interfaces. The department has access to a coastal laboratory in addition to the chemical and radiochemical laboratories on main campus. Interactions with other oceanographic disciplines enable students to receive a diverse education in the marine sciences.

Geological Oceanography
Graduate education at North Carolina State University provides an excellent opportunity for students interested in geological oceanography. Faculty members have active research interests in many areas of the world ocean, as well as in North Carolina coastal waters. Ongoing projects provide students with extensive experience in shipboard and field aspects of research, and land-based laboratories provide facilities for analysis of samples and data. Coursework covers the relevant aspects of geological oceanography--including sedimentology, geochemistry, geophysics, paleooceanography, sea-level, and climate change. Faculty members in adjacent fields are anxious to interact with geological research, and help to provide a well-rounded educational program.

Physical Oceanography and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
The goals of the physical oceanographer and geophysical fluid dynamicist are to obtain a systematic description and understanding of the character and motion of the ocean waters. This includes the chemical and physical properties of seawater, as well as the fundamental physical dynamical concepts essential to an understanding of the oceans. A fully integrated approach of field observations, laboratory studies and theoretical modeling are needed to gain knowledge of the motion of the oceans. Currently five faculty members are conducting research in physical oceanography and geophysical fluid dynamics. Their interests include field oriented research and theoretical studies of large-scale ocean circulation, and coastal and estuarine dynamics. Facilities for coastal and continental shelf research, as well as for activities in such areas as the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Indian Ocean, are available through the State of North Carolina, the Federal Government and cooperative efforts with other oceanographic institutions worldwide. Oceanographic cruises in which students participate and gain valuable field experience occur on a regular basis to areas ranging from the coast of North Carolina to the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic and Arctic.
A Quorum Communications Satellite HPRT Receive Stations and University of Miami DSP Imaging Processing Software are utilized to obtain realtime visible, infrared and ocean color imagery for the western North Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Nova Scotia. Computational facilities include a departmentally operated DEC Micro-VAX 3500 (VMS) and IBM R/S6000-530 (UNIX) computers and associated terminals, workstations, and personal computers (IBM and Macintosh) and laser printers. In addition, the department operates the "Facility for Oceanographic and Atmospheric Modeling and Visualization (FOAMv) which includes a 16-processor IBM Power Visualization Server (a visualization supercomputer), IBM Visualization workstations, a cluster of workstations for parallel computer modeling and 12 workstations configured in a research/teaching environment for student use.
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DEPARTMENTAL FACULTY IN MARINE SCIENCE
D. Bohnenstiehl, PhD, Columbia University, 2002. Marine Geophysics; underwater acoustics; technology transfer; low frequency active sonar. (delwayne_bohnenstiehl@ncsu.edu)
D. J. DeMaster, PhD, Yale University, 1979. Marine geochemistry and radiochemistry in nearshore and deep-sea environments. (dave_demaster@ncsu.edu)
D. B. Eggleston, PhD, College of William and Mary, 1991. Experimental marine benthic ecology. Marine fisheries ecology. (eggleston@ncsu.edu)
R. He, PhD, University of South Florida, 2002. Physical oceanography. Coastal and estuarine circulation dynamics; numerical modeling and data assimilation; bio-physical interaction; coastal ocean observing system. (rhe@ncsu.edu)
G. S. Janowitz, PhD, Johns Hopkins University, 1967. Dynamics of internal gravity and Rossby waves, geophysical fluid mechanics and numerical modeling. (janowitz@ncsu.edu)
D. Kamykowski, PhD, University of California at San Diego, 1973. Effects of physical and chemical factors on planktonic behavior, physiology and natural distribution. (dan_kamykowski@ncsu.edu)
E. L. Leithold, PhD, University of Washington, 1987. Nearshore and shelf sedimentation and stratigraphy, sediment transport. (leithold@ncsu.edu)
J. P. Liu, PhD, College of Williams & Mary, 2001. Late quaternary sea level change and ocean margin evolution; large river deltaic deposits and sedimentary processes; Land-ocean interactions; watershed and estuarine GIS modeling; geophysical surveys (jpliu@ncsu.edu)
L. J. Pietrafesa, PhD, University of Washington, 1973. Estuarine and coastal processes and geophysical fluid dynamics. (len_pietrafesa@ncsu.edu)
P. T. Shaw, PhD, MIT--Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982. Theoretical and numerical modeling of ocean circulation. Lagrangian study of deep-sea drifters. (pt_shaw@ncsu.edu)
W. J. Showers, PhD, University of Hawaii, 1982. Stable isotope geochemistry, paleoceanography, ground water pollution, geochemistry of phosphates. (w_showers@ncsu.edu)
C.J. Thomas, PhD, North Carolina State University, 1998. Isotope geochemistry, biogeochemistry, animal-sediment interactions. (cjthomas@unity.ncsu.edu)
T. G. Wolcott, PhD, University of California at Berkeley, 1971. Physiological ecology of marine invertebrates, land crabs, biotelemetry and instrumentation. (tom_wolcott@ncsu.edu)
L. Xie, PhD, University of Miami 1992. Air-sea interaction processes. (lian_xie@ncsu.edu)
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